Article
The Effects of Warm Parenting Style and Self-Esteem on Children’s Assertiveness and Aggression
| e-ISSN | 2982-6845 |
| p-ISSN | 1226-4474 |
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Abstract
This study aims to examine assertiveness and aggression as distinct behavioral constructs that are often socially confused, and to analyze their indirect relationships by focusing on the mediating role of children’s self-esteem in the association with parents’ warm parenting attitudes. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires from 231 fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students (91 boys and 140 girls) residing in C-si, Chungcheongbuk-do. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 for descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and AMOS 23.0 was used to conduct path analysis. The significance of indirect effects was tested using the bootstrapping method. The results showed no significant correlation between assertiveness and aggression at the overall level. However, complex relationships emerged at the sub-factor level, suggesting the need for further research to clarify their distinction. Both fathers’ and mothers’ warm parenting attitudes had significant indirect effects on children’s assertiveness and aggression through self-esteem, with similar patterns observed across parents. Higher perceived warm parenting was associated with higher self-esteem, which in turn was positively related to assertiveness and negatively related to aggression. These findings are meaningful in that they compare the developmental mechanisms of assertiveness and aggression through their relationships with warm parenting and self-esteem.