The Korean Journal of Human Development

Article

Effect of Developmental Change in Children's Temperament on Intelligence Development - Focused on the ‘Extraversion’ and ‘Effortful Control’ Temperament

Author
김수정,곽금주
Information
pp. 29~50 / 2014 Vol.21 No.3
e-ISSN2982-6845
p-ISSN1226-4474
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine how children’s extraversion and effortful control temperamentdevelop from ages 5 to 7, and how this developmental change is associated with their intelligence at age7. The participants in this study comprised 100 pairs of 5-year-old child and their mothers. Thetemperaments of participating children were measured with mothers’ reports at 5, 6, and 7 years ofage, and their intelligence was measured using K-WISC III at the age 7. The effect of the developmentalchanges in children’s temperament on intelligence development was investigated by means of latent growthmodeling. According to the results, the ‘extraversion’ temperament was negatively correlated with VerbalIQ and Performance IQ. The ‘effortful control’ temperament was positively correlated with PIQ and VIQ.Next, there were individual differences in children’s extraversion at the age of 5, and these individualdifferences were also observed in the rate change over the next 3 years. ‘Extraversion’ temperament at theage of 5 negatively affected both PIQ and VIQ. Lastly, there were individual differences in children’s‘effortful control’ at the age of 5, and the rate change in ‘effortful control’ from 5 to 7 also showedindividual differences. The rate change of the ‘effortful control’ temperament had a marginally positiveeffect on VIQ, and the initial values of ‘effortful control’ had a positive effect on PIQ. Throughlongitudinal analyses of relations between children's temperament and intelligence, the study findingssuggest that temperament affects intelligence development.

Keywords

아동기질 외향적 기질 통제적 기질 지능 잠재성장모형 children's temperament extraversion effortful control temperament intelligence latent growth modeling

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