Article
The Effects of Parental Attachment and Peer Conformity on Adolescents' SNS Peer-bullying: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Disturbance of Adaptive Functions Caused by SNS
| e-ISSN | 2982-6845 |
| p-ISSN | 1226-4474 |
| Metrics | Views 0 / Downloads 0 |
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of disturbance of adaptive functionscaused by SNS on the relationship between parental attachment, peer conformity and SNS peer bullying.The participants comprised 611 students (7th, 8th and 9th grade) drawn from four middle schools inSeoul, Gyeong-gi and Gangwon provinces. Data were collected through a survey. Statistical methods usedfor data analysis were frequency, percentile, and moderated multiple regression. Analyses were conductedusing the SPSS 19.0. The major findings were as follows. First, adolescents' levels of parental attachmentand peer conformity had a significant effect on their SNS peer-bullying. Second, disturbance of adaptivefunctions caused by SNS had a moderating effect on the relationship between peer conformity and SNSpeer-bullying. High levels of disturbance of adaptive functions caused by SNS tended to increase the effectof peer conformity on SNS peer-bullying. However, in contrast, low levels of disturbance of adaptivefunctions caused by SNS diminished the effect of peer conformity on SNS peer-bullying. The findings ofthis study can be applied to SNS peer-bullying prevention education and intervention programs for middleschool students.
Keywords
References
- 교육부 (2013). 2013년 2차 학교폭력 실태조사. 서울: 교육부.
- 김용태, 박한샘 (1997). 청소년 친구 따돌림에 대한 실태조사. 서울: 청소년 대화의 광장.
- 도현심 (2000). 초기 청소년의 또래에 의한 괴롭힘: 부모에 대한 애착, 또래거부 및 우정관계와의 관계. 아동학회지, 21(1), 307- 322.
- 오경희 (1989). 아동의 또래동조성 발달에 관한 연구. 숙명여자대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
- 이성대, 황순금, 염동문 (2013). 사이버불링의 인식 및 실태에 관한 탐색적 연구: 의령군 중학생을 중심으로. 청소년문화포럼, 33, 120-145.
- 이성식, 전신현 (2011). 집단괴롭힘의 피해와 가해의 관계와 그 성별 차이. 피해자학연구, 19(1), 207-227.
- 이수경, 오인수 (2012). 사이버괴롭힘과 오프라인 괴롭힘에 영향을 미치는 요인 비교 분석. 아시아교육연구, 13(2), 137-161.
- 이인태 (2012). 초등학생의 사이버불링 실태와 원인에 대한 조사연구; 경기도 초등학교 고학년 학생을 중심으로. 청소년 문화포럼, 32, 91-118.
- 이해경, 김혜원 (2000). 폭력노출이 집단괴롭힘 가해와 피해 행동에 미치는 영향: 심리적 변인들과의 상호작용효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 13(1), 95-113.
- 조유진 (2008). 집단괴롭힘 피해경험과 가해행동의 관계에 대한 개인내적 중재변인 탐색. 아동학회지, 29(5), 215-226
- 하은혜, 조유진 (2007). 또래동조성이 집단괴롭힘 가해행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 개인내적 중재요인-남여 초등학생을 대상으로-. 인간발달연구, 14(4), 49-64.
- 한국인터넷진흥원 (2009). 인터넷이용자의 SNS 이용실태조사. 서울: 한국인터넷진흥원
- 한국정보화진흥원 (2011a). 소셜미디어 부작용 유형 및 대응방향. 서울: 한국정보화진흥원.
- 한국정보화진흥원 (2011b). 스마트폰중독 진단척도 개발 연구. 서울: 한국정보화진흥원.
- 한국청소년정책연구원 (2012). 청소년 매체 이용 실태조사. 서울: 한국청소년정책연구원.
- 한국청소년정책연구원 (2013). 2013 한국청소년의 스마트폰 이용조사. 서울: 한국청소년정책연구원.
- Accordino, D. B., & Accordino, M. P. (2011). An exploratory study of face-to-face and cyberbullying in sixth grade students. American Secondary Education, 40(1), 14-30.
- Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16(5), 427-454.
- Berndt, T. (1979). Developmental changes in con-formity to peers and parents. Developmental Psychology, 15, 608-616.
- Bjorkqvist, K., Ekman, K., & Lagerspetz, K. (1982). Bullies and victims: Their ego picture, ideal ego picture and normative ego picture. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23, 307-313.
- Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
- Boyd, D., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 201-230.
- Brown, B. B., Classen, D. R., & Eicher, S. A. (1986). Perceptions of peer pressure, peer conformity dispositions, and self-reported behavior among adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 22, 521-530.
- Byrne, B. J. (1994). Bullies and victims in a school setting with reference to some Dublin schools. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 15, 574-586.
- Camarena, P. M., Sarigiani, P. A., & Petersen, A. C. (1990). Gender-specific pathways to intimacy in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19(1), 19-32.
- Casas, J. A., Rey, R. D., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2013). Bullying and cyberbullying: Convergent and divergent predictor variables. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 580-587.
- Costanzo, P. R., & Shaw, M. E. (1966). Conformity as a function of age level. Child Development. 37(4), 967-975.
- Craig, W. M. (1998). The relationship among bullying, victimization, depression, anxiety, and aggression in elementary school children. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 123- 130.
- Dempsey, A. G., Sulkowski, M. L., Nichols, R., & Storch, E. A. (2009). Differences between peer victimization in cyber and physical settings and associated psychosocial adjustment in early adolescence. Psychology in the Schools, 46(10), 962-972.
- Eliot, M., & Cornell, D. G. (2009). Bullying in middle school as function of insecure attachment and aggressive attitudes. School Psychology International, 30(2), 201-214.
- Hartup, W. W. (1983). Peer relations. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.) & P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and social development (pp. 103-196). New York: Wiley.
- Jensen, G. F., & Brownfield, D. (1986). Gender, lifestyles, and victimization: Beyond routine activity. Violence and Victims, 1(2), 85-99.
- Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2007) Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41(6), S22-S30.
- Kowalski, R. M., & Limber, S. P. (2011). Physical and psychological consequences of traditional bullying and cyber bullying. Unpublished manuscript, Clemson University.
- La Greca, A. M., & Harrison, H. M. (2005). Adolescent peer relations, friendships, and romantic relationships: Do they predict social anxiety and depression? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 49-61.
- Lenhart, A., Madden, M., Smith, A., Purcell, K., Zickuhr, K., & Rainie, L. (2011). Teens, kindness and cruelty on social network sites. Washington: Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project.
- Natvig, G. K., Albrektsen, G., & Qvarnstrom, U. (2001). School-related stress experience as a risk factor for bullying behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30(5), 561-575.
- Olweus, D. (1995). Bullying or peer abuse at school: Facts and interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4, 196-200.
- Pellegrini, A. D., & Long, J. D. (2002). A longitudinal study of bullying, dominance and victimization during the transition from primary school through secondary school. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20(2), 259-280.
- Reich, S. M., Subrahmanyam, K., & Espinoza, G. (2012). Friending, IMing, and hanging out face-to-face: Overlap in adolescents’ online and offline social networks. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 356-368.
- Sampson, R. J., & Lauritsen, J. L. (1990). Deviant lifestyles, proximity to crime, and the offender-victim link. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 27, 110-139.
- Schreck, C. J., Wright, R. A., & Miller, J. M. (2002). A study of the individual and situational antecedents of violent victimization. Justice Quart, 19, 159-180.
- Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008). Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(4), 376-385.
- Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Preadolescents’ and adolescents’ online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental psychology, 43(2), 267-277.
- Walden, L. M., & Beran, T. N. (2010). Attachment quality and bullying behavior in school-aged youth. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 25(1), 5-18.
- Willard, N. (2006). Cyberbullying and cyberthreats; Responding to the challenge of online social cruelty, threats, and distress. Eugene, OR: Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use.
- Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2007). Prevalence and predictors of internet bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 14-21.
- Ybarra, M. L., & Mitchell, K. J. (2004). Youth engaging in online harassment: Association with caregiver-child relationships, internet use, and personal characteristics. Journal of Adolescence, 27(3), 319-336.